Over the past few years, there have been considerable changes in farming. There has been a move towards hybrid and high yielding varieties of crops by farmers in order to enhance their overall productivity. This has further initiated the need for integrated nutrient management, pest management and disease management. Though the use of chemical fertilizers has protected the crops from pests and other damaging elements, its excessive use has degraded the quality of the soil also. Micronutrients were introduced in order to ensure that the soil quality i.e. the nutrient level is maintained at the required levels.

Plants require 16 essential elements for their proper growth. Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are derived from air and water. While all the remaining nutrients are obtained from the soils in the form of inorganic salts. These essential elements are divided into two categories: Macronutrients and Micronutrients. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, calcium are the Macronutrients obtained from the soil. The remaining essential nutrients are required by the crop in relatively small amounts, hence they are known as Micronutrients.

Boron, chlorine, iron, copper, molybdenum, zinc and manganese are the names of the essential Micronutrients required by the crops. Inorganic Micronutrients are naturally available in the soil. The micronutrient content of the soil is determined by the parent soil from which it is developed and the processes involved in soil formation. Micronutrients are released in consumable form for the crops while the minerals break down during soil formation.

Sources Of Micronutrients In Soil
* Nutrients absorbed in soil particles i.e. soil colloids.
* Nutrients that are dissolved in the soil in the form of salts.
* Decomposing organic compounds that slowly release micronutrients

Need For Micronutrients
* Increased use of fertilizers nowadays has caused the natural micronutrient levels in the soil to deplete. To restore this, it is important to provide micronutrients to ensure proper plant growth.
* The introduction of improved crop varieties has made it necessary to provide extra micronutrients to the crops for proper growth.
* Land leveling, which is a common farming practice nowadays, causes deficiency of micronutrients in the soil which needs to be restored.

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