Spinosad is a part of the natural degradation biological pesticides, in the environment through photolysis and microbial degradation and other ways, eventually become carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other natural ingredients, so using it will not contaminate agricultural products. In spinosad mixture fermentation broth extracts, containing the main component; the highest insecticidal activity is spinosad A and spinosad D, the ratio is 85% and 15%. The melting point of spinosad A is 125℃, when spinosad A adding a small amount of spinosad D, the mixture melting point is higher than pure spinosad A. The melting point of pure spinosad D is 170℃, the light half-life exceeds 550min. From a structural point of view, these compounds through fermentation extracted, obtained by a high concentration spinosad aqueous suspension, ease to use and spray.
Spinosad solid form also affect the active, when the compound solid form is crystalline, the corresponding obtained suspending agent's light half-life is much longer than the light half-life of suspension agent obtained by glassy solid foam. Therefore, using the obtained crystals suspending agents in the field is a method of increasing spinosad compounds biological activity. However, not all of spinosad compounds are able to crystallization. Spinosad has a unique mechanism of action, can role in insect central nervous system, increasing spontaneous activity, resulting in involuntary muscle contraction and trembling, rapid stop eating. This result is consistent with and the results of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activated; it also acts on the γ- aminobutyric acid receptor, it is possible to further contribute to improved insecticidal activity, such mode of action can be described as a unique.
Spinosad products can effectively control Lepidoptera, Diptera and Thysanoptera pests, while Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Siphonaptera and some specific purpose psocids pest species show some toxicity. Which is particularly effective against lepidopterous pests, and its insecticidal activity equivalent to cypermethrin, but its toxic to predators is 1,000 times smaller than cypermethrin. It has been registered in more than 60 countries for controlling a variety of pests, in the United States, this product used for vegetables, cash crops, and some small crops of various fruits, including 180 kinds of crops. In many crops, beet armyworm is a polyphagous pest, including organic phosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids and benzoyl ureas have been produce resistant. Spinosad against beet armyworm have good insecticidal activity, and the potential resistance to spinosad is very low. To spinosad's resistance, until 2005 in field applications, only a very few records relating to the insect produce resistance to spinosad, but no found that there are significant problems for commercial purposes generation. Spinosad has been found produce cross resistance with some agents (such as imidacloprid, indoxacarb, imidacloprid clear, thiamethoxam, etc.).
Spinosad and emamectin benzoate against Plutella's indoor biological activity results showed that: 48h after drug, emamectin benzoate's contact activity and stomach poisoning activity were better than spinosad; in addition, two kinds drugs stomach toxicity active are better than contact activity. The results of the field efficacy trials show that: 2.5% spinosad suspension shows up excellent control effect on Plutella. In the occurrence of the diamondback moth, with l5.00 ~ 19.99 g/hm2 mix with water to uniform spray, after application 7d, the control effect can be up to 90%. With emamectin benzoate 2% EC (control agents) routine use of dose spray, the highest control effect only up to 85%, slightly lower than 2.5% spinosad suspension.
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