Frost resistance of annual flowers.

Very hardy*Frost tolerant**Tender***Warm loving**** Corn flowerBells of IrelandAsterAgeratum Ornamental cabbageBlack-eyed SusanNicotianaBalsam impatiens PansyCoreopsisPetuniaBegonia PrimroseDianthusScabiosaCelosia VioletCalendulaStaticeCosmos SnapdragonSweet alyssumImpatiens StockVerbenaLobelia Sweet peaMarigold ToreniaPortulaca Periwinkle Phlox, annual Salvia Zinnia

* Very hardy flowers can withstand freezing temperatures and hard frosts for short periods without injury. They may be planted as soon as the ground can be prepared, usually 4 to 6 weeks before the average frost-free date.

** Frost tolerant flowers can withstand light frosts and can be planted 2 to 3 weeks before the average frost-free date.

*** Tender flowers are injured or killed by frost. Transplants lack vigor in cold soil. and may need to be replaced for desired floral display. They are usually planted on or after the average
frost-free date.

**** Warm loving flowers cannot tolerate cold. They require warm soils for transplants to survive and become established. They should be planted 1 to 2 weeks after the average frost-free date.