Question
I live in Richmond, Virginia.  I have a large back yard that backs up to a large wooded area.  Last year, I noticed that my neighbor's back yard (next to mine, similar location to woods) had evidence of some kind of mole damage.  I could see the ridges where the tunnels were.  This critter has now invaded my yard.  I have a mole trap that I have used successfully in the past, but this critter does not always leave a raised trail.  So this trap is no help.  He seems to prefer the root areas of trees in my yard, although I do see trails in some places.  I can see air holes and trails around several trees in my yard.  I tried gopher and mole poison, but he did not touch them as far as I can tell.  Do you know what I'm up against here?

Answer
Without photos it would be difficult to conclusively id your culprit or culprits. The air holes you refer to make me think you have voles. However, it is also possible that you have voles and moles.  Voles eat roots and plant material. Moles eat worms and other insects.

You can send a photo to [email protected] and/or visit http://icwdm.org  click on solutions and there will be a link on animal damage identification. At this point I need more data.